Revised February 24, 2006, 30 July 2007 and February 16, 2008
Copyright 1998-2008 by John W. Allen




Psilocybe semilanceata (the liberty cap mushroom)

A page devoted to newspaper clippings, unusual articles some psilocybian mushroom trivia


NEWS ARCHIVES


 
Hello and welcome to our News archives. In this section you will find a wide variety of newspaper clippings regarding the visionary mushrooms and their use in Oregon State. I Started to catalogue these clippings back in 1973.
They are arranged alphabetically by newspapers and then Chronologically by dates.



OREGON PAGE 2
 
EMERALD DAILY [of the University of Oregon]
November 4, 1977. Page 9

'Shroomers" Fly High With Liberty Caps
By Peter Cooper

November has popped up and so have mushrooms. This year psilocybin mushrooms will probably attract thousands who desire to experience the brain-boggling effect of the hallucinogenic drug.

The effects of psilocybin can be campared to that of other hallucinogenic drugs (LSD, mescaline, etc.) but it is not the same. Jerry Beck of the Drug Information Center [U. of O.0], says that no lethal doseage has been established and that anywhere from 10 to 30 mushrooms will produce a good high.

Psilocybin is similar to LSD because both are termed neural transmitters. Experienced "shroomers" reprt that colors become much more pronounced when they are high and listening to music is more enjoyable than usual.

One of the most common psilocybin mushrooms in the area is the Psilcoybe semilanceata, commonly called Liberty Caps. These mushroms are usually found in tall grass or pastures, not necessarily on dung.

Many psilocybin mushrooms will bruise blue when picked due to the oxidation of the psilocybin. Beck stressed that no single criteria such as where they grow or thier color, should be used to determine whether a mushroom has psilocyin or not. He suggests it is best to have a field guide (Available at the Drug Information Center) when you go hunting to avoid picking up poisonous mushrooms.

"The best time to go is after a good rainfall," Beck says. "The growth rate of the shrooms vary with the weather - anywhere from a number of hours to two to three days, but we've had some people swear they saw them grow before their very eyes."

A sproe print is a common test to determine whether psilocybin is present or not. To obtain a spore print, place the mushroom spore side down on a piece of white paper. The following morning, if a lavender gray to purple color appears, the mushroom contains psilocybin.

There are a number of poisonous mushrooms that can cause sickness. If sickness occurs, it is advisable to see a doctor. Beck notes there are a number of toxic elements in poisonous mushrooms and there is no home remedy that is good for them all. "This underscores the need for a field guide," he says.



 
EMERALD DAILY [OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON]
November 4, 1977. Page 9

Mushroomers Picked Up By Law
Yes it's mushroom season again, as the Lane County Sheriff's Office recently discovered.

The Sheriffs OIffice reports complaints against mushroom pickers are coming in from all parts of the county during all hours of the day and night. In the last few days, 50 people have been arrested for criminal trespassing according to a Sheriff's Office news release.

According to Deputy George Chortos, One farmer arrested three at gunpoint.

On one field, we've picked up 17 trespassers in the last couple days.

Chortos refused to say where that field was.

Most of the offenders have been from outside Lane County. These people are receiving a minumum of one day in jail. Chortos said one mushroom picker was sentenced to thirty days.

Residents of Lane County caught trespassing have been receiving misdemeanor trespassing citations, according to the release. Chortos said the averagge citation is for $250 with $1500 being the maximum penalty.

Some of the mushroom pickers are looking for the psychedelic variety, according to Chortos, while others are looking for the edible kind. He notes the county has so far declined to press drug charges.

Possession of psilocybin mushrooms is a class C felony.




 

EMERALD -- [DAILY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON]
November 11, 1977. Page 12.
Oregon Psilocybin Use 'Mushrooms"
Northwest an ideal environment for this exotic fungi's cultivation.

By Richard Seven.

Mexican Indians call them the "flesh of the gods." Police and property owners label them "frustrating." Users from South America to the Pacific Northwest call them a "natural high."

They're all talking about Magic Mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe. Over two dozen species of of psychoactive mushrooms -- those containg the chemicals psilocybin and psilocin -- have been indentified inthe United States alone. ANd the Pacific Northwest, especially the Oregon Coast and the Williamette Valley, is probably the the "shroom Capital" of the nation.

Mushrooms are usually most abundant after a heavy rain, during fall and spring when the temperatures are mild. They usually sprout six to 24 hours after heavy rainfall around the dung of grain fed animals or in naturally muclched soil of the Northwest. Shady slopes are their ideal habitats because these common fungi easily rot from too much water of grain fed animals or too much sun exposure.

The main problem mushroom stalkers face is differentiating the magic mushrooms from the many deadly ones.

"Liberty caps," the most common of the hallucinogenic mushrooms in this area are usually brownish with a hollow stem. Pin stripes that run down their pointed caps are usually about an inch wide. An hour after a liberty cap has been picked, a bluish-green blemish should appear on its cap or stem if bruised. Therefore, no blue -- no chew. Once picked, liberty caps keep their potency if properly sun-dried.

The only sure way to determine if you've got the right kind of mushroom is to have a spore print analysis. This can be done through the free and anonymous service provided byt he Drug Information Center (DIC) on campus. Since many mushrooms are to be found in pastures, they may be unclean. It is a good idea to boil mushrooms before consuming them. Mushrooms may be eaten in any form. MAny people just pop them in their mouths and swallow them. Others put them in speghetti sauce. Shroom connoisseurs say they taste like a baseball field. Why eat those dirty fungi?

Mushroomers reportedly experience the same sort of euphoria as LSD users do. Both chemicals exert most of their efect on the brain's neurotransmitters. However, the cerebral effect of a typical mushroom "high" isn't as intense as that of LSD.

The DIC cautions that nausea usually occurs for about an hour or two after consumption. This is normal according to DIC and users should be aware of this for their physical and mental well-being. No set dosage can be recommended because the effect of the mushrooms is determined by the individuals body chemistry. However, many people find 15 to 20 mushrooms the "perfect diet."

To this date, no long-term harmful effects have been attributed to mushrooms. However, researchers say bad short-term mental effects could occur if the users eat mushrooms while he or she is depressed or in an unpleasant psychological situation.

Dealing in psilocybin has been mushrooming according to law officials in the county. The prices vary, but there are reports of liberty cap peddlers grossing $2,000 a week.

With the heavy rains in the area lately, the mushrooms are popping up in hoards until the first frost.

The dream-like state mushrooms can cause could easily turn into a nightmare unless the user knows what he or she is doing. If there is any doubt about a mushroom, turn a sample over to DIC and make sure the mushrooms you have are indeed "magic" and not lethal.




 
EMERALD [DAILY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON]
Nvember 11, 1977. Page 12.

Student law Office Warns Mushroom Seekers of Hazards

By James Miller

Persons arrested for trespassing in their quesst for magic mushrooms should be prepared to spend at lest two days ion jail with possible fine, according to Chuck Spinner, attorney with the Office of Student Advocacy (OSA).

Spinner talked with Frank Papagne, Deputy Disctrict Attorney, on the possiblility of plea negotiations for second degree trespass.

"The charges can't be reduced because there is no lower charge," Spinner said. He said the District Attorney's office generally will request a sentence of two days in jail plus a fine of $100 for a charge of this type.

Spinner said prior convictions of trespassing or drug possession will be considered.

"Where prior convictions for trespassing or drug possession are involved, the DA will ask for thirty days in jail.

Spinner said he was concerned that the DA might prosecute for drug possession since the drug psilocybin was supposedly present in the mushrooms.

"The reason they're (the DA's office) not prosecuting for drug possession is because no trace of psilocybin has been found in any of the confiscated mushrooms," Spinner said. He said the "high" derived from the mushrooms is "due to a slightly toxic poison in the mushroom which restricts the flow of oxygen to the brain."

Spinner quoted the specific definition of second degree trespassing from Oregon Revised Statute 164.245 that states, "A person is guilty of criminal trespassing in the second degree if he enters or remains unlawfully in or upon premises." THis is defined as a Class c misdemeanor, which carries a maximum fine of thirty days in jail and a fine of $250.

"Anyone who has been charged with criminal trespassing should definately come and see me," Spinner said. "I can offer the court and the individual some sentencing alternatives." He said the alternatives included civil compromise, which was defined as "working out the problem with the farmer," and community service. [JWA's Notes: Dated at the bottom of the page as: Tuersday, November 15, 1977]
 
EMERALD -- [DAILY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON]
November 14, 1977 Page 14.

Shrooms Clarified (Letters)

By Jerry Beck (In response to the above article "Shroomers fly high on Liberty Caps)

I was recently quoted in the Emerald concerning mushrooms that contain psilocybine. I find it necessary to correct some misconceptions that the author drew from the interview.

First of all, psilocybin and LSD are not neurotransmitters (as was slated in the article) [JWA's Notes: See above article on Shroomers fly high with Oregon Liberty Caps]. The similarity between psilocybin and LSD lies in their structural configurations, as well as the evidence that both chemicals ewxert most of their effect by influencing serotonin -- which is a neurotransmitter.

The fact that a mushrooms gioves a purplish spore print does not necessarily mean that it contains psilocybin. AS I had stressed throughout the interview, no single criterion should (or can) be used to determine whether a mushroom has psilocybin or not. However, onbtaining a sporeprint is very important since there are no poisonous speices which give a purplish spore print.

The article also advises that poisonous mushrooms may cause sickness and to go to a doctoer if this occurs. Unfortunately, there is also nausea associated with psilocybin ingestion (especially in large amounts). This nausea will usually be of rather short duration (if at all), lasting 1 to 2 hours after ingestion. It is therefore extremely important to know (for mental as well as physical well being) that what you have just eaten is not poisonous.

A field guide is very useful for help in identifying mushrooms, but the only sure way of knowing whether a type of mushroom contains psilocybin or not is to send it in for analysis. The analysis service is free and anonymous. One may find out about and use it by calling the Drug Information Center at 686-5411.

Incidently, this interview took place two weeks before it was published. I had indicated many times my desire to see what was to be printed so as to eliminate the needless mistakes and omissions that appeared in the article. Hoefully in the future this will not occur.
Jerry beck
Junior, Psychology
Coordinator of Campus Services
Drug Information Center
 
SEATTLE TIMES
Thursday, November 22, 1984


MUSHROOM POPPING PUTS OSU STUDENTS ON SICK LIST

Corvalis, Oregon (AP)Some ORegon STate University students trying to get high by eating hallucinogenic mushrooms are getting sick instead, school officials said.

The University's Office of Student Services has dealt with about 15 incidents of students picking mushrooms in local fields in the past few weeks, said Cheryl Graham, health educator.

In at least two of those cases, people had to be treated for poisoning at Good Samaritan Hospital. One person was violently ill.

Steve Carpenter, an Oregon State mycologist who specializes in the study of fungi, said the mushrooms most often sought locally as a hallucinogen is the Psilopcybe semilanceata, or "Liberty Cap."

The Psilocybe is sometimes confused with an often-deadly mushroom, the Galerina, which is common in the Pacific Northwest.

"I've had people bring those to me to ask if they're all right and I just stand backl and say, "no. Get rid of those things and clean your hands," he said.

Poisons in mushrooms come from a variety of chemicals and can vary from place to place and even among the same types of mushrooms, he said.

"A mushroom population here can be deadly poisonous and the same type of mushroom somewhere else might not bother yo at all," Carpenter said.

Possession of hallucinogenic mushrooms in Oregon is a class C felony, punishable by a maximum of five years in prison and a $100.000 fine.




 
Eugene Oregon Registered-Guard
1-28-2000


Police raid 20 homes in hallucinogenic mushroom bust

GRANTS PASS, Ore. (AP) - A total of 140 police and federal agents raided 20 rural homes Thursday in a crackdown on what the local sheriff called the biggest hallucinogenic mushroom ring in the nation.

There was no immediate word on arrests.

Working from the Josephine County Fairgrounds, police simultaneously hit 15 homes in the Williams area and five more in the Illinois Valley.

``There's gobs of (police) out there,'' LaVonne Hildebrand said from the Williams General Store. ``We don't know what's going on.''

In the planning stages for two months, the raids capped a three-year investigation by the Josephine Interagency Narcotics Team and the Internal Revenue Service, authorities said.

Josephine County Sheriff Dave Daniel said the raids would put a minor damper on the local trade in psilocybin mushrooms, which he said was responsible for growing and distributing more hallucinogenic mushrooms than any organization in the country.

Seizures of 250 pounds of mushrooms taken in traffic stops in California and Kansas were traced back to the local growing and distribution network, authorities said.

The sheriff's department said $195,000 in cash was seized.




 
THE OREGONIAN
January 19, 2001
Toxic Mushroom kills man, Injures Another in Astoria

ASTORIA--A 21-year-old man died Tuesday at a local hospital after he ingested toxic mushrooms, according to autopsy results from the State Medical Examiner's Office.

Clapsop County Sheriff's Officials think Aaron H. Lund mistook the toxic mushrooms for psilocybine mushrooms, which cause hallucinations. Deputies found a mix of the mushrooms, which look alike, at Lund's residence.

While deputies were at Columbia Memorial Hospital with Lund, they learned a second man was taken to the hospital Tuesday with the same symptoms as Lund. Jason A Salme, 21 of Naselle, Washington, is in satisfactory condition.

Deputies learned that Salme was at Lund's residence Monday.



 
December 15, 2001.



More charges likely in big Josephine County raid

By Chris Bristol

GRANTS PASS — Twelve people have been indicted on federal charges in connection with a huge hallucinogenic mushroom raid earlier this year.

More indictments are expected, Josephine County Sheriff Dave Daniel said.

"There’s been a lot of complaints, because the raid was so big and nobody got arrested at first," Daniel explained Monday. "I tried to tell people that that’s kind of how the feds do business. They do things different than us."

Armed with search warrants, more than 150 deputies and federal agents fanned out across Josephine County in January, raiding some 15 homes in the Williams area and five more in the Illinois Valley.

The bust netted 14 pounds of psilocybin mushrooms as well as smaller quantities of peyote cactus, a controlled substance that only American Indians are allowed to possess or grow for religious ceremonies.

Little information about the case has emerged because federal authorities won’t talk about it. The raids supposedly culminated a three-year federal investigation that also led to seizures of illegal drugs in Kansas and Vermont.

Daniel said he wants to keep the public informed about the progress of the case. Citing self-imposed press guidelines, federal authorities have refused to discuss the raid, putting local authorities in an awkward position, Daniel said.

"The feds are pretty tight-lipped, which makes it awkward for" local authorities, he said. "I just want people to know this hasn’t been an exercise in futility.

"We just don’t go around busting into people’s homes," he added. "This was a pretty big deal."

Authorities have not identified the structure of the operation. Defendant Stephen Faraday of Sunny Valley was indicted on charges of money laundering as well as possession of a controlled substance and conspiracy to manufacture and distribute psilocybin mushrooms.

Seven other people also were indicted on conspiracy to manufacture and distribute psilocybin mushrooms. They are David Connery and Kathleen Jagoda of Illinois Valley; Mark Jagoda of Vermont, formerly of Illinois Valley; and Bob Pleu, Raymond Labelle, Tzaddi Heatherstone and Paul Walker, all of Williams.

Also indicted were Ronald Peterson, Williams, manufacture of marijuana and possession of a firearm in relation to a drug crime; Paul Gunter, Williams, felon in possession of a firearm; and Gail Kucera, Williams, and Christine Casas (also known as Ina Kipana), Illinois Valley, manufacture of marijuana.

The government has also seized $190,000 cash and six properties for forfeiture — three in the Williams area, two in Cave Junction and one in Sunny Valley.

A federal grand jury is continuing to review evidence in the case, Daniel said.

The U.S. attorney’s office in Eugene, which is handling the case, did not return a phone call Monday seeking comment.
The Mail Tribune, Medford,Oregon.





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